• ST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH
CHRIS SOMMERS
OWNER OF Pl PIZZERIA CHAIN
'I'm grateful that our
immediate expansion is not in
the St. Louis area.'
BACKLASH ON
MILITARIZATION
OF POLICE
"The images from Missouri of
stormtrooper-looking police
confronting their citizens
naturally raises the question:
How the hell did we get to this
point? When did the normal
cops become Navy SEALS?
What country is this, anyway?"
JAMES FALLOWS, JOURNALIST
"Have no doubt, police in the
united States are militarizing,
and in many communities,
particularly those of color, the
message is being received loud
and clear: 'You are the enemy.'"
TOM NOLAN
aosroN POLICE DEPARTMENT VETERAN
AND PROFESSOR AT SUNY PLATTSBURGH
"At a time when we must
seek to rebuild trust between
law enforcement and the
local community. I am deeply
concerned that the deployment
of military equipment and
vehicles sends a conflicting
message. "
uS. ATTORNEY GENERAL ERIC HOLDER
"Historians looking back
at this period in America's
development will consider it to
be profoundly odd that at the
exact moment when violent
crime hit a 50-year low, the
nation's police departments
began to gear up as if the
country were expecting
invasion — and, on occasion,
to behave as if one were
underway."
CHARLES C.W. COOKE
THE NATIONAL REVIEW
"You see the police are standing
online with bulletproof vests
and rifles pointed at people's
chests. That's not controlling
the crowd, that's intimidating
them."
JASON FRITZ, FORMER ARMY OFFICER
"Had you set out to make
matters worse, you couldn't
have done a better job. There's
a real place for dogs in police
work, but it is not in the context
of a nonviolent protest. In fact,
using dogs for crowd control is
operationally, substantively, and
from an image point-of-view
just about the worst thing you
can do."
NORMAN STAMPER
FORMER SEATTLE POLICE CHIEF
"In some cases, military
equipment has a practical use.
But there are limitations on the
type of equipment, obviously.
The idea that state and local
police departments need
tactical vehicles and MRAPs
with gun turrets is excessive."
DUNCAN HUNTER
REPUBLICAN MEMBER
OF HOUSE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE
"People in communities of
color have borne the brunt of
militarization of policing for
several decades."
KARA DANSKY
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION
"Washington has incentivized
the militarization of local police
precincts by using federal
dollars to help municipal
governments build what are
essentially small armies."
uS. SEN. RAND PAUL, R.KY.
M
2
• FRIDAY •
08.15.2014
08.15.2014 •
FRIDAY • M
ST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH
FERGUSON POLICE SHOOTING
RONALD S. JOHNSON
CAPTAIN, MISSOURI HIGHWAY PATROL
'I understand the anger
and fear that the citizens of
Ferguson are feeling ...'
MAXINE CLARK
FOUNDER, BUILD-A-BEAR WORKSHOP
'This is not the STL I know
and love. Stop! This behavior
is absurd and unnecessary.'
(From a Tweet)
ANTONIO FRENCH
ST. LOUIS ALDERMAN
'It was just a crazy scene. I just
started taking pictures. And
I've been there ever since.'
FERGUSON POLICE SHOOTING
DETAIL PHOTOS BY DAVID CARSON
60-caliber Stinger rounds can hold dozens
of rubber ball projectiles.
This spent tear gas canister
was found near Lang Drive.
Each rubber ball projectile is about the
size of a thumbnail.
CITY POLICE CHIEF IS AMONG CRITICS
RIOT GEAR
THE WEAPONS AND TACTICS OF CROWD CONTROL
TACTICS
FROM A1
officer who shot Michael
Brown, 18.
As public anger grew, the
FBI was brought in. Calls for
details — including the Fergu-
son officer's name — were re-
jected. Then came mass pro-
tests, looting, an arson and a
paramilitary response to crowd
control.
Finally, the nation winced
as officers gassed a report-
ing crew and dismantled their
equipment, arrested two jour-
nalists and pulled a St. Louis
alderman from his car. A live
stream of night-vision im-
ages rendered River City to
the world as a landscape from
the video game "Call of Duty:
Black Ops."
Over the chaotic days and
nights, police tactics changed
the question from whether
one police officer violated one
man's civil rights to whether
civil rights are systematically
violated in St. Louis.
President Barack Obama and
Sen. Claire McCaskill decried
the militarized response. Gov.
Jay Nixon installed the High-
way Patrol to command the
security of Ferguson, taking
that responsibility away from
the St. Louis County police.
St. Louis city police com-
manders, including St. Louis
Police Chief Sam Dotson, will
advise him.
Nixon hinted at a lack of
transparency, calling the re-
lease of the officer's name an
"important milestone" that
should be reached soon.
The heavy-handed police
tactics drove a wedge between
the two biggest police agencies
in the area: the city and county
police departments, which
work closely on regional po-
licing efforts and increasingly
share resources.
Dotson said he stopped
GEAR
FROM A1
on the streets near where an
unarmed teenager was shot
Saturday to U.S. Sen. Claire
McCaskill and Attorney Gen-
eral Eric Holder.
Writing in Time magazine,
U.S. Sen. Rand Paul said scenes
in Ferguson resembled "war
more than traditional police ac-
tion."
Tactical officers in body ar-
mor and ballistic helmets do
look far more like soldiers de-
ployed to Iraq or Afghanistan
than the police of decades ago,
who often managed riots with
a miner-style hard hats and
wooden batons as their only
special gear.
Ferguson's tear gas may be
familiar through the genera-
tions. But use of armored ve-
hicles, a sonic blaster to dis-
perse crowds with sound and
.60-caliber rubber "Stinger"
rounds for "pain compliance"
are relatively new to the work.
Tim Lynch, director of the
CATO Institute Project on
Criminal Justice, said police use
of military weapons and tactics
accelerated after the 2001 ter-
rorist attacks, in part because of
Homeland Security grants.
He complained that federal
money is "distorting decision-
making on the local level" by
giving away "M-16s, grenade
launchers, armored vehicles."
Otherwise, Lynch said, a
police chief faced with limited
dollars "is going to be more
sensible." He said departments
that perceive a real need would
make it a priority for their own
money.
downside is that we are
starting to blur the civilian po-
lice mission with the military
mission and when that hap-
pens, there are unnecessary,
violent confrontations between
the police and citizens such as
CHRIS LEE
St. Louis County and Dellwood police detain two people on the
9900 block of West Ferguson Avenue on Wednesday in Ferguson.
Both were released after being questioned.
sending officers to help with
crowd control on 'lilesday.
"My gut told me what I was
seeing were not tactics that I
would use in the city, and I
would never put officers in
situations that I would not do
myself," he said.
Dotson's comments upset
some of the rank-and-file, said
Jeff Roorda, business manager
for the St. Louis Police Officers
Association.
"Our membership feels we
should be there in every way
necessary for the county police
and Ferguson officers and any-
one else who is in the middle of
these tensions," he said.
Mistakes by police in Fergu-
son will have long-lasting re-
percussions for St. Louis and
for the nation, said David M.
Kennedy, a criminologist at the
John Jay College of Criminal
Justice, at the City University
of New York. Kennedy devel-
oped the Operation Ceasefire,
a nationally acclaimed anti-
violence program.
"Military people will tell
you that in military settings,
in active war zones, they don't
sit on the top of their trucks
pointing live weapons at the
populace," he said. "Under no
FBI SWAT GEAR
circumstances do you begin
your deployment with citizens
of the United States by point-
ing live weapons at them."
But Ferguson Police Chief
Thomas Jackson defended
SWAT units Thursday, saying
they are necessary to handle
"deadly force" situations.
Kennedy said the episode
exposed a rift between the
police and the public they are
supposed to serve.
"The community is look-
ing at the incident but in a
very real way they're looking
at all the incidents — not just
in their community but across
the country, where awfully
similar things have happened
and young black men were
killed by the police, and every-
one says fundamentally this is
0K and it's the dead guy's fault
and the police are justified in
what they did
Samuel Walker, a professor
emeritus at the University of
Nebraska, and an expert in po-
lice accountability, said state-
ments by county police Chief
Jon Belmar in the early hours
of the police investigation —
when he said the officer shot
Brown after a struggle for his
weapon — were premature,
and suggested to the public
that the investigation had al-
ready drawn conclusions.
Among people who were
upset by the comment was St.
Louis County Executive Char-
lie Dooley, said Dooley's chief
of staff, Pat Washington. She
said Dooley had a meeting with
Belmar after the statement to
the media, where Belmar clari-
fied that he was relaying only
the Ferguson officer's version
of events.
Dooley "had a concern
about it and that's why he had
a conversation with the chief
about it and try to understand
what was intended," she said.
"I think (Belmar) understands
that people may have taken
his comments in a way that he
didn't intend."
Belmar declined to comment
Thursday.
Walker said he could un-
derstand why people wouldn't
trust the police after the early
support for the officer's ver-
sion. "You can say, 'No com-
ment at this time. We have not
completed the investigation.
We haven't even barely begun
the investigation at this point.'
What larger impact St. Louis
will feel is unclear. On Thurs-
day, some business owners
publicly worried about devas-
tation to the region's economy.
If you ask Bob Cooper,
the concerns could be well
founded. Cooper, 56, a com-
puter executive who lives in
Charlotte, N.C., told a reporter
that in two weeks he is tak-
ing his wife and two children,
8 and 12, on a road trip to San
francisco.
They had booked two nights
in St. Louis to visit the Gate-
way Arch and the brewery.
After what happened in Fer-
guson, they crossed St. Louis
off their itinerary.
Joel Currier of the post-Dispatch
contributed to this report.
Ferguson police spokesman
Tim Zoll said his agency has no
military level weapons or ar-
mor, except for two Humvees
donated by the Missouri Na-
tional Guard after a tornado.
Despite reports that mili-
tary "Mine -Resistant Ambush
Protected" vehicles, or MRAPs,
were used on Ferguson streets,
a spokesman for the Missouri
Department of Public Safety
said none has been supplied
to agencies in St. Louis or St.
Louis County. Some other
Missouri communities have
received them, including St.
Charles County.
Lt. David Tiefenbrunn Of
the St. Charles County Sher-
iff's Department said Thurs-
day his agency has not yet used
its MRAP. He said his depart-
ment's BearCat, an armored
truck bought with Homeland
Security funds, is on the streets
with the county's multijuris-
dictional SWAT team.
St. Louis County police also
has a BearCat, bought with
federal grant money, and its
larger cousin, the BEAR, pur-
chased more than a decade ago.
BearCats cost up to $275,000,
and BEARS up to $350,000, the
manufacturer sap.
Officials confirmed that at
least those three armored ve-
hicles were used Wednesday on
the streets of Ferguson.
Tiefenbrunn said his SWAT
officers carry .23 -caliber ri-
fles, similar to an AR-15, bought
after Los Angeles police were
badly outgunned in a dramatic
shootout after a bank robbery.
The local SWAT officers also
have less-lethal TASERS, bean
bag rounds for shotguns and a
paintball -like gun that shoots
pepper balls.
As for militarizing the police,
Tiefenbrunn said, "Our actions
are based on what we're faced
with on the streets. America is
becoming more heavily armed."
Chuck Raasch Of the Post-Dispatch
contributed to this report.
DAVID CARSON •
dcarson@post-dispatch.com
Police officers line up across West Florissant Avenue as they watch protesters on Tuesday near the QuikTrip that was burned down a few days earlier in Ferguson.
SWAT gear varies by department. An FBI website details the equipment worn or
carried by its tactical team members.
• Kevlar helmet
• Flame-resistant
Nomex fatigues and
gloves
• Plastic kneepads
• Climbing or utility
boots
• Blast-rated goggles
• Armored vest
• Pouches for
ammunition, other
small gear
• Two-way radio
with earpiece and
microphone
• MP5 lomm
submachine gun
with 30-round
magazine, laser
sight and flashlight
• Springfield
.45 caliber
semi-automatic
pistol with 8-round
magazlne
• Thigh holster
• Metal handcuffs
• Nightstick
• Gas mask
• Medical supplies
• Flexible handcuffs
we're seeing in Ferguson!'
He continued, "It's only
when there has been some kind
of horrible tragedy, like some-
body getting shot or somebody
getting killed during one of
these paramilitary raids that
the hard questions start get-
ting asked — the questions that
should have been asked since
the beginning."
But in a news conference
Thursday, the Ferguson police
chief, Thomas Jackson, whose
department does not have a
SWAT team of its own, de-
fended the concept.
"The tactical units will be
out there if firebombs start get-
ting thrown, property is get-
ting destroyed, shots are being
fired, people are being shot at.
We have to respond to deadly
force," he said.
"The whole picture is be-
ing painted a little bit sideways
from what's really happening;'
Jackson said. "And it's not mili-
tary. It's tactical operations. It's
SWAT teams. That's who's out
there. Police. We're doing this
in blue."
Full details of the tactical gear
being deployed in Ferguson by
the St. Louis County police and
other agencies are not available.
The Department of Defense's
1033 Program may have pro-
vided some of the equipment,
but it isn't clear how much of
this gear was purchased from
other federal programs or local
budgets.
"Ille 1033 Program has trans-
ferred more than $4-3 billion
in surplus military equipment
to thousands of law enforce-
ment agencies and others. It is
intended for "counternarcot-
ics and counterterrorism op-
erations, and to enhance officer
safety," according to the Mis-
souri Department of Public
Safety website.
The department will not re-
lease specific destinations for
tactical equipment.
According to federal data,
various police agencies in
St. Louis County received 12
5-56mm rifles and six .45-cali-
ber pistols between Aug. 2,
2010, and Feb. 13, 2013. They
also received 15 "reflex" gun
sights, four night vision devices
and three night sights, as well
as an $10,000 explosive ord-
nance robot, three helicopters,
seven Humvees and three cargo
trailers. One helicopter alone
was originally worth $200,000.
State data obtained in 2012
show that St. Louis County po-
lice received at least two heli-
copters, computer equipment,
two old SUVs and roughly 20
Kevlar helmets since 2007.
Ferguson received medical
supplies, computer equipment
and dozens of large backpacks
and wool blankets through the
program, records show, as well
as a generator, a trailer and sev-
eral utility vehicles.
dcarson@post-dispatch.com
DAVID CARSON •
A police sharpshooter keeps an eye on protesters along West Florissant Avenue on Tuesday. Police
said the show Of force was necessary to control crowds and property and to avoid more looting.
ILIi
• rcohen@post-dispatch.com
ROBERT COHEN
SWAT troopers from the Missouri Highway Patrol move into the area
where stores were looted on Florissant Road in Ferguson on Sunday.
CHRIS LEE
• clee@post-dispatch.com
Tactical officers advance east on Chambers Road through clouds of tear gas Wednesday as they try to clear protesters in
Ferguson. It was the third night of unrest after the fatal police shooting of Michael Brown on Saturday.
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